Third, related to the issue of measuring poverty, it is important to acknowledge that this measure does not completely capture the depth or multidimensional qualities of poverty. Many plentiful, well-paid jobs that lent themselves to immigrant skills and provided opportunities for social mobility had disappeared by 2000, with a negative impact on the income and life chances of immigrants and their children.
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Second, the United States shifted from an industrial to a service-based economy during this period. This means that experience of immigrants who arrived in the years leading up to 1970, in the broadest of terms, are difficult to compare to that of immigrants who arrived later because of legislation and composition changes. Immigrant flows went from being small and relatively highly skilled and educated to a much larger and more geographically heterogeneous group, many of them (e.g., refugees) with fewer personal resources and weaker social support networks. immigrant population changed dramatically in the wake of the Immigration and Nationality Act amendments of 1965. The following context should be kept in mind:įirst, the size and characteristics of the U.S. To understand the data in context, however, one must be also be aware of their limitations.
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For the purposes of this article, "poverty" is a situation in which a person's family income falls at or less than the official federal poverty threshold. Census, have the key advantage of enabling comparative analysis over time. These data on child poverty rates in the United States, drawn from the U.S.